Vanadium redox flow batteries utilize a reduction and oxidation process from two kinds of separated Vanadium liquid to create an electrochemical cell. Ion transfer in the cell generates an electric current in the external load. At the same time, both fluids circulated in each own respective container. Because of the arrangement, this battery is a good option for grid-scale energy storage because it can be expanded easily. Also, it is non-flammable and more environmentally friendly. The structure and the properties of this battery will be discussed and compared to the other type of batteries

 

Abstract:

Many substances formed by organic origin are porous and contain free gas distributed through the material. Numerous examples include living tissue, powder, catalysts, foams, and liquids containing gas bubbles. A new aspect of gas spectroscopy, called Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS), has been proposed and demonstrated for the unique analysis of gas enclosures in turbid solids and liquids. GASMAS is an optical technique for sensing and analysing gas within those materials. The free gas molecules dispersed in porous materials are typically ten thousand times narrower than the spectral features of the bulk material. This technique can be applied to any gas having narrow absorption features that are reachable with tuneable diode laser radiation.